SIXTEENTH CENTURY MAIL, 1534-98
THE FIRST MASTER OF THE POSTS SIR BRIAN TUKE - 1534 SIGNED LETTER TO THOMAS CROMWELL;
2000 c.1534 Entire Letter (pencil date; also historically dated to 1534/40) in fine condition (very slight toning along two edges) from London/Essex (?) with trace of small seal and clearly signed "Brian Tuke"; addressed "To my good Mafter Secretary" (presumably in London). AN IMMENSELY IMPORTANT EXHIBITION ITEM, BECAUSE THIS IS ONE OF ONLY TWO RECORDED LETTERS FROM SIR BRIAN TUKE (c.1478-1545), BRITAIN'S FIRST "MASTER OF THE POSTS":- the other letter (also to Cromwell, but dated 1533; see Philip Beale's "History of the Post in England", plates 8.2/3 & pp.234/5 for full illustrations and transcript) is in the State Papers in the Public Record Office. Sir Brian Tuke was J.P. for Kent from 1512, French Secretary to Henry VIII from 1522, Treasurer of the King's Household from 1528 and Sheriff of Essex from 1533. He was "Master of the Posts" from at least February 1512, and this involved many important State duties; for example he accompanied the King during the Invasion of France in 1513, taking 14 messengers along with them. The Posts were the key to all communications between the State and the Continent. Tuke's work as Master of the Posts was a pivotal role during Henry VIII's most powerful years. This letter (full transcript included) petitions Cromwell (c.1485-1540, who was Henry VIII's Principal Secretary from 1534 until his execution in 1540) at the request of Tuke's wife "in Essex" to intercede on behalf of one "Hereforde of Plymouthe", and get him released on bail from "The Flete [Prison]", because Hereforde's wife was teaching (?) Tuke's daughters "to work" (with millinery?). Clearly a case of using influence at the highest level and responding to a nagging wife! This is not merely the only first Master of the Posts letter in private hands, but it is also a very early internal letter and a very rare example of a personal letter sent between two of Henry VIII's most important courtiers. Rightfully the much admired Historical Page One from the Barrie Jay Exhibition Collection. Provenance:- purchased from a small local stamp shop over 30 years ago £5,000-£8,000
2001 HERTS. - VERY EARLY STATE LETTER FROM "HARTFORDE CASTOLL"; 23rd Jan. 1564 Letter (originally this would have had a separate outer address sheet, being on State business, but the full address appears at the foot of the letter itself) signed by "Winchester" (Queen Elizabeth's Treasurer and "W: Mildmaye" (the Queen's Chancellor of the Exchequer), regarding the repayment of a lease payment for a property in the "Citie of London", addressed "To oure lovinge frende Richarde Stonley, one of the Tellers of the Quene's Matie's Receipt of the schequire ". Very fine; a very early internal letter that would have been carried by State messenger to London. £200
2002 THE ROYAL MAIL - ELIZABETHAN TREASURY WARRANT FOR A MESSENGER SENT TO LEICESTERSHIRE WITH LETTERS FOR "LORD LOUGHBOROUGH"; 1st Sept. 1565 ("Elisabethe septimo") foolscap document (two worm-holes affect only 4 words slightly) signed by "Winchester", the Queen's Treasurer, authorising payment of 15x 2s-8d to "Richard Mynsterley" for 15 days' riding involved in taking letters and a writ from London to Loughborough. Fine example (with full typed transcript) of the administration of the original Royal Mail system. Very rare. PHOTO - see plate no. 8 £1000
2003 THE ROYAL MAIL - ELIZABETHAN TREASURY WARRANT FOR A MESSENGER SENT TO CHESHIRE WITH STATE LETTERS; c.1572 foolscap document signed by Queen Elizabeth's Treasurer "W. Burghley" (William Cecil), authorising payment of 53s-4d (2s-8d for 16 days) to "Philippe Connwaye, one of the Queene's Matie's Messengers" for carrying letters to the Customs and other officers in "Westchester" [the old name for Chester when it was a flourishing seaport]. Very fine example of a rare early Treasury Warrant (with full typed transcript). PHOTO - see plate no. 8 £1000
2004 EARLY COURT LETTER; 17th Dec. 1579 EL from "Courte" (presumably at Greenwich) sent by "Augustine Clarke" (contents in an obscure and hurried hand appear to refer to Clarke's personal business), addressed "To the right honorable my verie good lorde, the L[ord]. Burghley, L[ord]. High Treasurer of Englande " (presumably in London), signed by "Thos. Wylson", Queen Elizabeth's Secretary of State. Fine example of a letter sent between two of the most important Elizabethan statesmen. PHOTO - see plate no. 8 £200
2005 URGENT PRIVY COUNCIL LETTER FROM GREENWICH; 28th Dec. 1585 EL (toned contents but v. fine address panel) from "Grenewche" (the Court of Queen Elizabeth) addressed "To or verye lovinge frende Mr. Doctor Cesar, Judge of her Mat's Courte of the Admiraltie " (presumably in London), seeking his opinion about developments in "the lowe contryes" and the validity of a "placarte" there that has been guaranteed by the State. The letter is signed by five different Privy Councillors, which was an indication of the letter's importance and urgency; the Lord Chancellor (Sir Thomas Bromley), Lord Treasurer (William Cecil, Lord Burghley), Lord High Admiral (Charles Howard), Treasurer of the Royal Household (Sir Francis Knollys) and Lord Chancellor (Sir Christopher Hatton). Very rare thus; almost certainly carried by Royal Messenger. PHOTO - see plate no. 8 £300
2006 1598 "HAST HAST POST HASTE" LETTER SIGNED BY "RO. CECYLL" WITH NINE TIMED ENDORSEMENTS FROM LONDON TO CHESTER; 14th-16th Sept. 1598 EL (professionally silk-backed but 95% sound, fine and very attractive with three red wax seals on left flap with slight toning adjacent) from "Court" in London, dramatically addressed thus:-"For hir Matie's Affayres.To my Lovinge frend the Maior of Chefter.From ye Court ye 14th of September.Ro. Cecyll. Hast Hast Post Haste ."
This letter was of the utmost urgency and so it was sent by the State Post Express system and endorsed by each Postmaster along the route where new horses were provided. It travelled 188 miles in less than 2 days as revealed by the eight Postmasters' endorsements on the right hand flap; "Santalbans after iiii the after noone. At Brickhill at 8 [at night]. Att Toster [at] xi [at night]. at Daventrie at iii in the morninge. At Coventrye past 4 in the morninge. at Litchfield at ix in the morninge. at Stone the iii in the afternoon. [Chester] at vi in the afternonn. " There is a further timed endorsement inside the letter; "Rd. the 16 Aprill 1598, vi in the Morng." which was presumably written by the addressee himself. The contents are brief and probably refer to an enclosed letter destined for Ireland; "I pray you send away this lre according to the direction. For it concernes her Ma's service, who is being well satisfied with the diligence and duty by wch yor Towne doth her Mty in all things commanded them for her Maty's service, and so I rest, yor loving frend Ro: Cecyll ". PHOTO.ONE OF VERY FEW SUCH "HASTE POST HASTE" LETTERS REMAINING IN PRIVATE HANDS, AND ARGUABLY THE MOST ATTRACTIVE EXAMPLE. WONDERFUL EXHIBITION CENTRE PIECE.Provenance:- Barrie cannot remember exactly where he acquired this gem, but he knows that it was over 30 years ago and probably from a manuscript dealer with help from Martin Willcocks. See the June 1979 PJGB article which illustrates this letter (vol.89, no.2, pp36-7).
£5,000-£8,000
EARLY 17th CENTURY MAIL, 1602-37
2007 ELIZABETHAN SPIES?! - 1601 LETTER WITH DETAILS OF CONTENTS OF INTERCEPTED (?) MERCHANT's LETTER; 14th Feb. 1601/2 EL (sent locally in London?) signed by "Thomas Myddelton" (an original member of the East India Co. in 1600, one time M.P. & Lord Mayor of London, and subsequently member of the Virginia Co. in 1623), addressed "To the right Wor [shipfu]l Julius Cesar, Judge of the high Court of The Admiralty & one of her Mat's Mrs. of requests ." The contents include "An Article [=paragraph] extracted out of a letter of Francisco Fernandez, written in the Portugall tongue in Lisbonne, the 14th of September 1601 unto Duarte Fernandez at Embden ", and Myddleton comments that F. Fernandez had brought more sugar from Brazil to Lisbon than he had declared. Very mysterious......?! PHOTO - see plate no. 8 £300
2008 EARLY LOCAL LONDON LETTER; 5th March 1612 EL from "London" addressed "To my loving frend Mr Bassell, Secretare to the Right Honorable Sir Julius Cessar, give thes." The contents refer to an enclosed letter (not present) ref. helping a friend to gain the post of Receiver of Customs in "West Chester" (the old name for the port of Chester). Very scarce thus. PHOTO - see plate no. 8 £150
2009 EARLY LETTER REF. STATE PAYMENT FOR "COACHES, CAROCHES", ETC.; Sept. 1613 EL (probably sent locally in London) signed by "T. Suffolke" (Thomas Howard, the 1st Earl Suffolk), the king's Lord Chamberlain, addressed "To my loving freind John Bingley Esqr. at his house these." The letter requests payment of £112 for Sir Thomas Lewknor who had provided "....Coaches , Caroches and otherwise for his Mat's service in attendance upon the Spanish Ambassadors in July and August last." Seems very expensive diplomacy! PHOTO - see plate no. 8 £150
2010 STAFFS. - EARLY LOCAL LETTER FROM "STAFFORD" TO BLITHFIELD; 4th July 1616 EL (creases through address barely detract) from "Stafford" (presumably sent by private messenger) "To the Right Worl. his good ffreind Walter Bagott esquier at Blyffeild" [= Blithfield, near Rugeley], concerning leases and legal matters. Early and attractive example of private mail sent before the opening of the Post Office in 1635. PHOTO - see plate no. 8 £150
2011 PRIVATELY CARRIED LETTER FROM NORFOLK; 7th June 1619 EL with attractive contents from "Ayfbe" (??; clearly in Norfolk because the writer refers to her wish for her son to "come into Norfocke") addressed "To my very loving Nyphew Sir Roger Towneshend Baronet at his house in Barbican [= London] thes." The contents, from [Grandmother] "Dorothe Bacon" note that "...this messenger, your father's Cossenne, gooeng so fittly to London, I thought he would deliver my small token safly....halfe a dosenne of plane hard cheeses." Letters prior to the opening of the P.O. were often sent when an opportunity occurred, such as when a relation/friend was travelling, rather than immediately. PHOTO - see plate no. 8 £150
2012 EARLY LETTER TO GLOUCESTERSHIRE(?); 28th Feb. 1627 fine EL from "Aldersgate Streete" [London] addressed "To his verie Loveinge brother Mr john Bouth at Mortton, this [be] d[elivere]d." The location of this destination is unclear, but the contents mention Overton, and so it may be to Morton in Gloucestershire. An attractive early letter. PHOTO - see plate no. 8 £100
2013 EARLY LETTER FROM THE FIRST FEW YEARS OF THE PUBLIC POST OFFICE; 23rd Feb. 1637 clearly dated EL from "Oxon" [=the town of Oxford], addressed "To his lovinge freinde Mr. John Coxe at Prindest (?) House ag[ains]t St Clement's Church without Temple barr, thes [be] d[elivere]d" with contents incl. "....deliver unto this bearer his bonde...", showing that it was sent to London by specific messenger, although the public P.O. had opened in 1635. An attractive address and shades of the Merchant of Venice! PHOTO - see plate no. 8 £150
THE ENGLISH CIVIL WAR PERIOD, 1642-49
2014 PRISONER LETTER FROM THE TOWER OF LONDON ; 6th March 1642 EL from "Tower" [of London] addressed "To the right honorable and my singular good lord, the Earle of Manchester, these [be delivered] in all humbleness ", written and signed (in his dungeon cell presumably!) by "Francis Littleton"; "....yesterday unfortunately I was arrested in the Tower of London ...." He sends the letter by "....this bearer, my wife, wiill aquaint your lordship ...." and seeks the Earl's help to intervene with Parliament to get him released. The letter's date may be the legal year and so actually be of March 1643, after the start of the Civil War. Manchester was a very senior Parliamentarian at this early stage of the War. Rare early Prisoner's letter. PHOTO - see plate no. 8 £300
2015 VERY RARE "PAY THE POST" ENDORSEMENT DURING THE CIVIL WAR PERIOD ; 1st July 1644 EL (minor overall creasing) from "Dover" addressed "To Captaine Collen present this At Sitenbourne [= Sittingbourne, Kent] or else where ", redirected in a different hand; "deliver these at the Black Lion against Lincolne's Inn in Chancery Lane. Pay the post ". The contents are an invoice for beer. While there was no national postal service during the Civil War Period, it is thought that the "Dover Foot Post" continued to carry mail between London and Kent (for the Parliamentarians especially), so this endorsement indicates that the Captain had gone to London, and the person redirecting the letter chose not to pay the postage, hence the Dover Post was to collect the postage on delivery. Extremely rare; very few postal endorsements of any kind have survived on letters of the 1642-9 period, and this letter was sent at the height of the War; this letter probably reached London on the day the battle that the Battle of Marston Moor was fought (2nd July 1644)!. PHOTO - see plate no. 9 £1000
2016 SMUGGLED ROYALIST LETTER ; 28th March 1645 EL (some weakening of the paper), folded very small and merely addressed "For Mr. Edward" [Heath; see p.copy of a later letter illustrated in Willcocks's "England's P.H." ex this correspondence] and not sealed, with cryptic contents mentioning some other letters to a "Mr. Llewellin" that the writer fears have not reached him, signed "E.W.". The Edward Heath in question was a staunch Royalist who later fled to France and undertook an under-cover correspondence from Calais to England. This letter was anonymous and folded small because of the likelihood of its falling into Parliamentarian hands. Rare thus. PHOTO - see plate no. 8 £300
2017 KENT - EARLY LETTER TO LONDON; 22nd March 1647 EL from "Haies in Kente", signed by "Geo. Bingley" addressed "To my much respected good frend Mr. Sherwyn at the Receipte of The exchequier " [London], requesting him to "....paie the Bearer hereof, Zachary Harris, my servant, my halfe yere's fee " [£33-6s-8d]. Duly signed as a receipt for this sum by Harris himself, so presumably this letter was retained in the Exchequer files at the time. Very fine and rare thus. PHOTO - see plate no. 8 £200
2018 1647 LETTER FROM LONDON TO CHESHIRE WITH MENTION OF "THE POST" & POSSIBLE POSTAL RATE ; 9th March 1647 fine EL from "London" addressed attractively "To his loveing Cosen Mr. John Booth att his house att Twemlow this present in Cheshire. [squiggle]. Leave this lre at Mr. Gawdie's att Holmes Chappell to bee conveyed as above is mentioned ". The contents include ".....otherwise I had [= would have] writ unto yoe [per] the last post .....I r[eceive]d a le[tte]r [per] last post from Calais ; your freindes are in good health there." The marking below the first half of the address could be a flourish, but the contents indicate that some kind of "post" was available, so could this be "Pd" or even "4d" [to pay]? Very rare and attractive. PHOTO - see plate no. 9 £5
2019 ROYALIST LETTER SENT DURING THE INTERLUDE BETWEEN 1st & 2nd CIVIL WARS; 13th March 1647 EL (ref. interest demanded on a debt by Sir Martyn Barnham) from "Ro. Heath" (no town given; the family had connections in Kent), attractively addressed "To the Right Wo [rshipfu]ll his much honored frend & Kynsman, Edward Heath Esqr. Leave this letter at Mr. Turner's, a Barber over ag [ains]t. Serjant's Inn in Fleet streat, to be delivered according to the direction, London ". The Heath family were ardent Royalists, and this is an unusually open letter from their correspondence of this period (see 3 lots above). Rare thus. PHOTO - ABOVE. £200
2020 IRELAND - 1648 LETTER SENT (FREE?) FROM "DUBLIN" TO AN M.P. IN LONDON; 2nd April 1648 fine EL from "Dublin" to "Colonel John Moore, one of the Members of ye honrble. howse of Comons, at his Chamber neare Charing Cross, London, theis present ." There are no postal markings, but if any mail was allowed free through the Parliamentary "Postal Service" at this date, then this letter would have been. The contents concern a dispute over the ownership of "a barque [= ship] taken by the Irish " and later "Areasted ", signed by Colonel John Ponsonby. Written only a fortnight before the similar letter, lot 160, in Cavendish's April 2000 auction. PHOTO - ABOVE. £500
2021 EARLY LETTER FROM LONDON TO PENRITH; 27th Feb. 1649 EL with the unusually detailed sender's address "from my lodging att one mr. Alline's house, a grocer in Greate St. Bartellme's, London", addressed "To his very loveing freind Mr. Francis Saule at his house at Penrife or else wheare, this [be] de[livere]d". This letter was probably taken by a private carrier; grocers would have had regular country-wide contacts. PHOTO - see plate no. 8 £120
THE COMMONWEALTH PERIOD, 1652-59
2022 1652 LETTER FROM "LONDON DERRY" (IRELAND) TO LONDON; Fine 24th Jan. 1652 EL from "Tho. Newburgh" & "Robt. Parke", apparently naval Commissioners in Ireland, at "London Derry"; addressed "To the right Honourable the Committee of the Navy for the Commonwealth of England. These humbly present ." The letter bemoans the lack of funding for the naval operations in the north of Ireland that are directed against local pirates and "Robbers", and requests the addressees to send £45 as soon as possible by "the bearer hereof, Mr. Joh Zachary, an Officer in the Storres at this place ..." Rare early letter from this part of the world, sent by special naval messenger, and with fine Cromwellian address. PHOTO - see plate no. 8 £400
2023 EARLY NEW-POST "3d" POSTAL CHARGE ON LETTER FROM CORNWALL TO STAFFS. ; 17th Jan. 1653 EL (dated "1652", but the 3d rate indicates 1653, see below; minor edge wear) addressed to "Lichfeild in Stafford Sheire " with a clear manuscript "3d" charge below the address in a different ink [beside the addressee's unrelated filing note "daughter Skrymger "]. The letter appears to be from Cornwall, because the writer says; "...[send] thuerty pound & if you can find noe other way, I pray you send [it] by the carrier & writ by the post where I shall receave it. If you dyrect your leters to be left at the hand & ford in Cornewell, for Mrs. Skrymsher, I will take care the[y] may com to mee ..." Remarkably early letter from Cornwall, and one of the earliest recorded 3d-rate letters sent by the "New" official P.O. service. The charges were 3d for single letters sent "above 80 miles". Only 3d from Cornwall to Staffs. (presumably via London) seems a bargain! Martin Willcocks ("England's P.H., p.14) records that the post-Civil War "New Post" commenced on 18th Jan. 1653 (see the notice in his plate 6), but it is thought that it started in December 1652, unless this is First Day Cover of the New Post...? The contents show how much more reliable this new postal service was than the "carrier" system, but cash could not be sent by post. Important Commonwealth Period Postal Rate Exhibition Cover. PHOTO - see plate no. 9 £1200
2024 BRISTOL - VERY RARE 1653 "p. New poft" ENDORSED FREE COVER TO LONDON; 7th May 1653 EL from "Bristoll" addressed "To the Right Worsipfull the Commissioners of the Navy on Towre=hill, these de d[elivere]d in London, Hast", regarding naval supplies ("600 musketts and some 5000 shott"). Beneath the address and the word "Hast" is an endorsement "p. New poft" in a second handwriting, which indicates that the letter was to be carried by the "New Post" which was set up late in 1652 (?; see previous lot) and was eclipsed by the re-establishment of the regular post in June 1653. This letter would have been sent free of postage, being addressed to the Navy Commissioners. One of only two letters known with this spectacular "p. New Poft" endorsement. Rare early free frank and a Very Important British Postal History Exhibition Centre-piece. PHOTO - see plate no. 9 £1500
2025 LOCAL LETTER REF. SEIZED DANISH SHIPS ; 17th Feb. 1654 EL (some internal browning) from "D[octo]r's Comons" [London] addressed "For the Right Hoble., the Commissioners of the Admiralty & Navy at Whitehall " with brief contents from Dr. Walter Walker; "in obedience to your verball directions to me given, I have prepared a draught touchinge the Danish ships remayninge under seisure and humbly submit it to you. ..." Towards the end of the 1st Dutch War, the Danes were still hostile to Britain under Cromwell. A local letter, so carried by official messenger of some kind. PHOTO - see plate no. 8 £200
2026 COMMONWEALTH PERIOD LETTER FROM "LONDON" TO "NORTHAMPTONSHERE"; Fine 3rd Oct. 1654 EL from "London" signed by Lord Viscount "Montague", concerning an "ordinance" about "Catholiques'" estates, addressed "for the Lord Budwell at his hous in Dean in Northamptonshere". Fine and rare thus. PHOTO - see plate no. 8 £150
2027 RARE COMMONWEALTH PERIOD "post pd." ENDORSEMENT ON COVER FROM LONDON TO KENT; 7th June 1655 EL from "Towne" [i.e. London] to "Sittingbourne" [Kent], clearly endorsed "post pd." at bottom left of address . The postal rate for this 40-mile journey ("below 80 miles") was 2d at this time. Few pre-1660 prepaid letters have been recorded sent within Britain. Fine and rare. PHOTO - see plate no. 9 £500
2028 THE FIRST CROMWELLIAN POST OFFICE ACT OF PARLIAMENT; Fine 1657 printed black letter "ACT FOR THE SETLING OF THE POSTAGE OF ENGLAND, SCOTLAND and IRELAND" (ex binding and with very slight browning, but otherwise very fine); 8 printed pages (album-page size) plus frontispiece, dealing with internal and overseas Postage Rates, etc. etc. The first British Act regarding the Post Office, and a very important Historical document for British Postal History. PHOTO - see plate no. 15 £500
2029 VERY EARLY "6"(d) POSTAL CHARGE FROM IRELAND ; 23rd Sept. 1657 EL (ref. financial matters; minor wear mostly on blank flaps) from "Dublin" addressed to Robert Clayton in "London" and charged in manuscript with the distinctive Dublin straggling "6" mark for the special 6d rate between the two capital cities. One of the earliest Irish postal charges that we can recall having seen; very rare pre-1661 6d rate. PHOTO - see plate no. 9 £500
2030 IRELAND - VERY RARE EARLY INTERNAL IRISH "4d" POSTAL RATE ON LETTER FROM LONDON; 3rd Nov. 1657 fine EL (mentions a cousin's recent safe return after being captured by pirates en route from Barbados!) from "London" addressed "To Mr. Robert Ward At Cashell in Munster ", but also endorsed "pd to Dublin" (i.e. 6d from London), charged "4d" and endorsed (on flap) "pay(d?) the po[stage]: 1s-4d" in three different inks and hands. Remarkable item, showing the Cromwellian internal Irish 4d rate. The flap endorsement may relate to a servant paying for a group of letters. Superb condition and very rare routing and rates. PHOTO - see plate no. 9 £750
2031 CROMWELLIAN "Poft pd." ENDORSEMENT ON COVER FROM LONDON TO STAFFS.; 13th April 1658 small EL (from the 2nd Earl of Clare; deprived of his franking rights under Cromwell, but see later lots for his Restoration franks, etc.) from "Drury lane" [London] addressed to "Hamstall Ridware neare Yoxall in Staffordsheir. Leave this wth ye Poftmr. at Lichfeild to be sent as above ", and endorsed "Poft pd." below the address. Presumably prepaid 4d (the "Above 80 miles" rate) and a rare example of a pre-1660 prepaid letter. Very attractive. PHOTO - see plate no. 8 £400
2032 EARLY LETTER FROM "LINNE" [=LYNN, NORFOLK] TO LONDON; 17h Nov. 1659 EL (from "Daniel Johnson") with detailed London address ("...lodging at Mr. Horne's house, a taylour in Salisbury Court, London" and endorsed "wth care & speed"; so presumably sent by carrier (endorsed "Mr. Symms" on the flap in a different hand - the carrier's name perhaps?). Attractive and rare being so early from this small town. PHOTO - see plate no. 8 £150
2000-2032
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2162-2225
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